1
00:00:06,848 --> 00:00:09,267
Wasu lokuta suna jin mahimmanci,
2
00:00:09,351 --> 00:00:11,853
<> mun yi imani akwai
cikakken rikodin su
3
00:00:11,937 --> 00:00:13,271
a cikin zukatanmu.
4
00:00:13,355 --> 00:00:15,941
Wannan karamin mataki ne ga mutum...
5
00:00:16,024 --> 00:00:17,567
Rushe wannan bango!
6
00:00:20,570 --> 00:00:22,447
Diana, Gimbiya Wales, ta mutu.
7
00:00:23,532 --> 00:00:26,535
Ga mutane da yawa, 9/11 yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan lokutan.
8
00:00:27,744 --> 00:00:30,705
Na yi shiri
don zuwa class, ni kuma na saka TV...
9
00:00:30,789 --> 00:00:35,043
Kuma mai watsa labarai ya tsaya
kuma ya ce, "Wannan kawai a ciki."
10
00:00:35,126 --> 00:00:37,128
Jirage biyu sun buge Hasumiyar Twin.
11
00:00:37,212 --> 00:00:40,298
Kowace tasha tana da
ginin da ke cin wuta.
12
00:00:40,632 --> 00:00:43,927
<> Wannan ɗan kasuwan ya kasance
an rufe shi da ƙura.
13
00:00:44,177 --> 00:00:46,280
Kuma na ga babban rami
a gefen ginin.
14
00:00:46,304 --> 00:00:47,740
Eh, ya kasance irin na sallamawa.
15
00:00:47,764 --> 00:00:49,444
Mai ban mamaki da ban tsoro.
16
00:00:49,474 --> 00:00:50,834
Na ji tsoro.
17
00:00:50,892 --> 00:00:55,146
Na tuna mahaifiyata tana aiki
a cikin birni kuma na tuna
18
00:00:55,230 --> 00:00:59,150
hayaki yana fitowa a saman ruwa
na Long Island Sound
19
00:00:59,442 --> 00:01:02,070
bayan ginin da na tafi
zuwa makarantar firamare.
20
00:01:02,904 --> 00:01:07,033
Ina magana da iyayena kawai
game da shi wata rana kuma inna ta tafi,
21
00:01:07,117 --> 00:01:09,911
"A'a, kun sani a 2001.
22
00:01:10,036 --> 00:01:11,538
Ina aiki a Connecticut."
23
00:01:11,955 --> 00:01:14,915
<> kuma akwai wasu matsaloli
tare da tunawa da Melanie na wannan rana.
24
00:01:15,292 --> 00:01:18,044
Gilashin ajin ta ba su duba ba
bisa ruwa,
25
00:01:18,378 --> 00:01:20,922
Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya
ya wuce mil 40,
26
00:01:21,423 --> 00:01:24,050
<> kuma hayaƙin yana yawo
a kishiyar hanya.
27
00:01:25,051 --> 00:01:30,807
Ta yaya zan iya ganin hayaƙin
billowing daga kan ruwa?
28
00:01:30,891 --> 00:01:32,392
Kamar, yaya zan ga haka?
29
00:01:32,767 --> 00:01:37,022
Tunanin ku na 9/11 sune
tabbas ba daidai bane kamar yadda kuke tunani.
30
00:01:37,105 --> 00:01:40,275
Mun san kusan 50% na cikakkun bayanai
na cewa memory canji a cikin shekara guda
31
00:01:40,358 --> 00:01:44,571
ko da yake mafi yawan mutane sun gamsu
sun yi daidai dari bisa dari.
32
00:01:44,654 --> 00:01:47,157
<> Za su iya tunawa daidai
jigon ranar,
33
00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:49,284
amma ba cikakkun bayanai kamar
wanda suke tare da su,
34
00:01:49,367 --> 00:01:52,662
<> abin da suke yi sa’ad da suka ji,
da kuma ainihin abin da suka gani.
35
00:01:53,288 --> 00:01:55,707
Hatta manyan abubuwan tunawa da mu,
36
00:01:55,832 --> 00:01:58,418
wadanda suka kafa tushe
na tarihin rayuwar mu,
37
00:01:58,585 --> 00:02:00,086
ba cikakkun rikodin rikodin ba ne.
38
00:02:00,462 --> 00:02:02,714
Suna iya canzawa da jujjuyawa akan lokaci.
39
00:02:03,173 --> 00:02:06,509
<> Yana jin kamar dukan manufar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
kamata ya kasance don adana abubuwan da suka gabata.
40
00:02:06,718 --> 00:02:09,012
To me yasa abubuwan tunawa ba su da tabbas?
41
00:02:09,846 --> 00:02:13,016
Yaya daidai yake aiki tunowa?
42
00:02:14,809 --> 00:02:18,438
Jira na daƙiƙa yanzu,
Na tuna, ke... Um...
43
00:02:19,606 --> 00:02:21,733
Memory, cewa kowa da kowa yana da,
44
00:02:21,858 --> 00:02:26,863
ma'adinin zinari ne wanda ba a gano shi ba
da yuwuwar da ba a iya amfani da su ba.
45
00:02:27,697 --> 00:02:31,117
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarmu tana daidaitawa kawai
mu'amalarmu da duniya.
46
00:02:31,910 --> 00:02:35,205
Memory yana ɗaya daga cikin mu
mafi mahimmancin ayyuka,
47
00:02:35,288 --> 00:02:39,209
<> kuma shi ne kawai lokacin da ya gaza mu
cewa mu yi tunani game da shi kwata-kwata.
48
00:02:47,968 --> 00:02:50,679
Yanjaa Wintersoul
babban malamin ƙwaƙwalwa ne.
49
00:02:50,929 --> 00:02:52,597
To, mu je.
50
00:02:52,681 --> 00:02:56,434
Shekaru biyar da suka wuce, ta gano
duniyar gasar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
51
00:02:56,518 --> 00:02:57,662
Lokacin da na fara farawa,
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00:02:57,686 --> 00:02:59,854
ya kasance mafi yawa, kamar,
tarin fararen fata daga Turai
53
00:03:00,438 --> 00:03:03,942
a cikin tsananin, kamar, bakin ciki-kallon
dakunan gasar.
54
00:03:04,734 --> 00:03:06,987
Suna haddace kwalayen katunan cikin daƙiƙa,
55
00:03:07,070 --> 00:03:08,863
dubban lambobi a cikin awa daya.
56
00:03:09,197 --> 00:03:12,492
Da alama dukkanmu muna ɗauka
SATs masu sauri sosai.
57
00:03:12,867 --> 00:03:14,619
Ina da tarihin duniya guda uku:
58
00:03:14,703 --> 00:03:18,873
daya na hotuna, daya don sunaye da fuskoki,
kuma daya don kalmomi.
59
00:03:18,957 --> 00:03:21,877
Kuma ta nuna
gwaninta a shirye-shiryen talabijin a duniya.
60
00:03:22,752 --> 00:03:24,337
To, shafi na 38.
61
00:03:25,171 --> 00:03:26,339
Fara tsakiyar jumla.
62
00:03:26,423 --> 00:03:29,426
"Bayani yadda ya kamata ta hanyar amfani da ban dariya."
63
00:03:32,512 --> 00:03:36,307
<> Mun ba ta minti goma
don haddace wadannan lambobi 500, da...
64
00:03:37,267 --> 00:03:39,060
Biyar, uku, tara...
65
00:03:39,185 --> 00:03:40,395
daya, shida, shida...
66
00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:42,647
- tara, bakwai...
- hudu, bakwai, takwas...
67
00:03:42,731 --> 00:03:45,817
- Bakwai, shida, biyar, takwas...
- hudu, bakwai, bakwai, tara...
68
00:03:45,900 --> 00:03:48,028
daya, bakwai... biyu...
69
00:03:48,111 --> 00:03:49,839
- Biyu, biyu, biyar...
- ... tara, sifili, biyu ...
70
00:03:49,863 --> 00:03:54,993
- ... shida, hudu, takwas, biyu ...
- ... daya, shida, daya, daya, biyu.
71
00:03:55,326 --> 00:03:56,619
Yaya take yin hakan?
72
00:03:56,703 --> 00:03:58,163
Yayi!
73
00:03:58,538 --> 00:04:01,875
<> Duk ya zo ne zuwa ga tafarki na musamman
kwakwalwarmu tana adana abubuwan tunawa.
74
00:04:02,459 --> 00:04:05,920
Kuma watakila babu kwakwalwa da ta kara koya mana
game da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya fiye da wannan.
75
00:04:06,129 --> 00:04:09,132
Na wani mutum ne
mai suna Henry Molaison.
76
00:04:09,591 --> 00:04:13,094
Lokacin Henry yana da shekaru 27,
An yi masa tiyata a kwakwalwa don maganin farfadiya
77
00:04:13,595 --> 00:04:16,514
<> kuma likitan fiɗa ya cire wannan ɗan guntun
na kwakwalwarsa.
78
00:04:16,598 --> 00:04:21,770
<> Likitan ya lura cewa hanya
ya haifar da ba a sami canje-canjen halayen halayen ba,
79
00:04:21,895 --> 00:04:26,024
ban da daya
a very grave recent memory loss.
80
00:04:26,649 --> 00:04:30,278
<> Yana da tsanani sosai, ya hana Henry
daga kewayawa gidansa
81
00:04:30,612 --> 00:04:32,030
da kuma gane likitocinsa
82
00:04:33,114 --> 00:04:35,158
Amma Henry har yanzu yana da sauran nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,
83
00:04:35,241 --> 00:04:37,243
dabi'un da ba sa bukata
tunani mai hankali,
84
00:04:37,327 --> 00:04:38,495
kamar yadda ake hawan keke,
85
00:04:38,578 --> 00:04:40,747
abin da ake kira "tunani a sarari."
86
00:04:40,997 --> 00:04:44,167
<> Ya kuma kiyaye wasu hankali,
ko "bayyanannu," memories.
87
00:04:44,375 --> 00:04:46,461
Ya tattauna abubuwan tarihi
tare da likitansa
88
00:04:46,544 --> 00:04:48,588
a cikin wannan rikodin daga farkon 90s.
89
00:04:48,963 --> 00:04:51,091
Me ya faru a 1929?
90
00:04:52,133 --> 00:04:55,428
- Kasuwar hannayen jari ta fadi.
- Tabbas ya yi.
91
00:04:55,512 --> 00:04:57,889
Wannan shine misalin memorin ma'ana:
92
00:04:57,972 --> 00:05:02,310
gaskiya, kwanan wata, lambobi, kalmomi, iri
na abubuwan da 'yan wasa ke haddacewa.
93
00:05:02,894 --> 00:05:05,563
Haƙiƙanin lalacewa ya kasance
zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar episodic na Henry,
94
00:05:05,647 --> 00:05:07,774
ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa don abubuwan da ke cikin sirri.
95
00:05:08,441 --> 00:05:11,319
Lokacin da likitansa ya tambaya,
"Kin san abin da kuka yi jiya,"
96
00:05:11,444 --> 00:05:12,444
ya amsa...
97
00:05:12,487 --> 00:05:13,530
A'a, ban yi ba.
98
00:05:14,614 --> 00:05:16,366
Yaya da safen nan?
99
00:05:17,492 --> 00:05:19,035
Ban ma tuna da hakan.
100
00:05:20,411 --> 00:05:22,497
<> Idan ba tare da wannan ƙaramin ɓangaren kwakwalwarsa ba,
101
00:05:22,664 --> 00:05:24,541
Henry ya sami matsala wajen ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwan tunawa.
102
00:05:25,333 --> 00:05:28,503
Amma wannan baya nufin abubuwan tunawa
ana adana su a wuri guda ɗaya.
103
00:05:32,590 --> 00:05:35,426
Lokacin da kuke da kwarewa,
ka ce yin a wurin karatu,
104
00:05:36,052 --> 00:05:39,597
ana sarrafa bayanin ji
zuwa sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwarka.
105
00:05:39,681 --> 00:05:41,141
Sautin cello.
106
00:05:43,226 --> 00:05:45,562
Jinin zaren
karkashin yatsun ku.
107
00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:49,274
fuskar abokinka a cikin masu sauraro.
108
00:05:51,025 --> 00:05:52,569
Abin tsoro na mataki.
109
00:06:00,827 --> 00:06:03,507
Da bangaren kwakwalwa da ke ja
duk waɗannan abubuwan tare,
110
00:06:03,746 --> 00:06:06,249
bangaren da aka yi wa Henry tiyata
lalace sosai,
111
00:06:07,250 --> 00:06:09,002
shine tsakiyar lobe na ɗan lokaci,
112
00:06:09,085 --> 00:06:12,547
<> wanda ya haɗa da muhimmin tsari
ake kira hippocampus.
113
00:06:13,548 --> 00:06:15,592
Lokacin da kuka sake raya wannan lokacin daga baya,
114
00:06:15,758 --> 00:06:19,137
tsakiyar lobe na ɗan lokaci
yana taimakawa sake haɗa waɗannan abubuwan.
115
00:06:22,432 --> 00:06:25,852
<> Labarin rayuwar ku koyaushe ne
kamar wannan da za ku iya rayarwa.
116
00:06:26,936 --> 00:06:30,106
<> A cikin wannan jadawali akwai labarin rayuwa
na dan shekara 70 da haihuwa.
117
00:06:31,024 --> 00:06:33,067
Akwai abubuwan tunawa da yawa
daga baya-bayan nan,
118
00:06:33,151 --> 00:06:35,945
<> amma yayin da kuke komawa baya cikin lokaci,
suka fara fadowa.
119
00:06:36,738 --> 00:06:38,948
Akwai ƴan abubuwan tunawa
tun daga yara,
120
00:06:39,324 --> 00:06:40,867
kuma ba komai kafin kusan uku,
121
00:06:41,576 --> 00:06:44,412
<> amma akwai wannan abin mamaki
a cikin samartaka da 20s.
122
00:06:44,537 --> 00:06:47,808
Lokacin da kuke shiga makarantar sakandare,
kuna samun lokuta masu mahimmanci
123
00:06:47,832 --> 00:06:49,417
a wannan matakin na rayuwar ku.
124
00:06:49,500 --> 00:06:51,502
Kuma idan muka yi la'akari da labarun rayuwar mu.
125
00:06:51,753 --> 00:06:54,297
wadancan lokutan canjin su ne
wanda ya fice
126
00:06:54,380 --> 00:06:56,382
kamar yadda irin wadannan suka ayyana mu
127
00:06:56,466 --> 00:06:58,259
da ayyana rayuwar mu gaba.
128
00:06:58,343 --> 00:07:00,511
<> Wasu mutane suna da
fiye da tunawa fiye da sauran,
129
00:07:01,221 --> 00:07:04,724
<> kuma za ku iya inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku ta hanyar kawai
rayuwa mafi koshin lafiya da aiki.
130
00:07:04,974 --> 00:07:09,354
Ina ƙoƙarin, kamar, ban sha da yawa ba,
barci da yawa, kuma ku ci da kyau.
131
00:07:09,437 --> 00:07:11,940
Abu daya da na gani
a cikin kowane binciken
132
00:07:12,106 --> 00:07:14,859
kamar "wannan zai yi aiki"
tunani ne na gaskiya.
133
00:07:14,943 --> 00:07:18,655
Masu karatun digiri sun iya
don ƙara ƙimar su akan GREs na baki
134
00:07:18,738 --> 00:07:22,992
daga 460 zuwa 520, ta hanyar ɗauka kawai
ajin tunani na tunani.
135
00:07:23,409 --> 00:07:27,872
<> Wataƙila saboda tunani
yana inganta mayar da hankali kuma mayar da hankali yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
136
00:07:28,289 --> 00:07:30,583
Kuma idan ya zo ga abubuwan da suka faru na sirri,
137
00:07:30,667 --> 00:07:33,836
<> akwai wasu siffofi da suke sa mu
tuna wasu sun fi wasu.
138
00:07:34,671 --> 00:07:36,172
Na farko, motsin rai.
139
00:07:36,756 --> 00:07:38,883
Idan ka nuna wa mutum zaren fuska,
140
00:07:38,967 --> 00:07:41,219
<> za su tuna
mafi yawan motsin rai mafi kyau.
141
00:07:41,552 --> 00:07:44,514
Lokacin da muke da kwarewa ta motsin rai,
mu amygdala,
142
00:07:44,597 --> 00:07:48,851
cibiyar tunanin kwakwalwa,
wanda ke zaune kusa da hippocampus,
143
00:07:49,185 --> 00:07:51,437
Haƙiƙa yana haɓaka hippocampus
144
00:07:51,771 --> 00:07:56,526
kuma ya ba shi damar samuwa
ƙarin daki-daki kuma mai ƙarfi ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
145
00:07:56,609 --> 00:07:58,528
Daya daga cikin abubuwan da muke so muyi
bayan 9/11
146
00:07:58,611 --> 00:08:02,991
aka duba cikin kwakwalwar daidaikun mutane
wadanda suke New York a ranar.
147
00:08:03,074 --> 00:08:07,078
Don haka kusan rabin mutanen sun kasance,
a matsakaici, a kusa da Midtown,
148
00:08:07,203 --> 00:08:10,581
da sauran rabin mutanen sun kasance
kusa da Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya.
149
00:08:11,499 --> 00:08:12,977
Shekaru uku bayan hare-haren,
150
00:08:13,001 --> 00:08:15,420
<> sun nemi mutanen su tuna
abubuwan da suka faru.
151
00:08:15,795 --> 00:08:19,549
Mutanen da suka fi kusa
zuwa Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a wannan rana,
152
00:08:19,632 --> 00:08:24,554
abubuwan tunawa da 9/11 sun fi haske
kuma mun ga ƙarin ayyuka a cikin amygdala.
153
00:08:25,930 --> 00:08:28,308
An kuma haɗa abubuwan tunawa
zuwa ma'anar wuri.
154
00:08:29,225 --> 00:08:32,228
Daya daga cikin abubuwan da muka sani daga karatunmu
na 9/11 memories shine cewa
155
00:08:32,312 --> 00:08:35,189
abin da mutane suke
mafi m game da shi ne inda suka kasance.
156
00:08:35,690 --> 00:08:38,192
- Na isa gida.
- Ajin motsa jiki.
157
00:08:38,276 --> 00:08:39,986
Ina zaune a London
a lokacin.
158
00:08:40,069 --> 00:08:41,738
A New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
159
00:08:41,821 --> 00:08:43,281
Babban Gabas.
160
00:08:43,364 --> 00:08:46,659
Don haka muna tunanin wuri
yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi musamman a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
161
00:08:47,118 --> 00:08:48,953
Kuma idan kun duba a zahiri
a cikin hippocampus,
162
00:08:49,037 --> 00:08:52,415
da alama akwai sel da suke
musamman m ga lokaci da wuri.
163
00:08:52,832 --> 00:08:54,810
Ga wakilci
na waɗannan sel "wuri"
164
00:08:54,834 --> 00:08:57,086
a cikin hippocampus na wani bera na musamman.
165
00:08:57,754 --> 00:09:00,715
Kuma ga bidiyon waccan bera
tafiya tare da hanya mai sauƙi.
166
00:09:00,798 --> 00:09:03,426
Kansa yana cikin wannan da'irar kore,
ga wutsiyarsa
167
00:09:04,719 --> 00:09:08,556
Kowane wuri cell yana da alaƙa da
wani wuri na musamman tare da waƙa
168
00:09:08,639 --> 00:09:11,267
<> kuma waɗannan sel ɗin an yi su ne masu launi
ta masana kimiyya.
169
00:09:11,351 --> 00:09:15,146
Lokacin da bera yake a farkon maze,
wannan koren wurin sel yana ƙonewa.
170
00:09:15,229 --> 00:09:18,066
<> Amma yayin da yake tafiya tare,
ana kunna wani tantanin halitta daban,
171
00:09:18,149 --> 00:09:20,151
sai wani, da wani.
172
00:09:20,443 --> 00:09:24,697
Lokacin da bera ya dakata, sel su shiga wuta
saurin mayewa yayin da yake tuno hanyarsa.
173
00:09:26,783 --> 00:09:29,410
London cabbies dole ne su kewaya
nasu maze.
174
00:09:29,911 --> 00:09:33,748
<> Don samun lasisin su, dole ne su wuce
jarrabawar karni da ake kira kawai
175
00:09:34,165 --> 00:09:35,458
"ilimin."
176
00:09:35,541 --> 00:09:39,587
<> Sun shafe shekaru suna haddace
Titunan London 25,000.
177
00:09:39,670 --> 00:09:42,507
Masana kimiyya sun duba kwakwalwa
na masu son zama cabbies
178
00:09:42,590 --> 00:09:44,384
kafin da kuma bayan wannan tsari.
179
00:09:44,759 --> 00:09:47,470
<> A cikin kwakwalwar mutane
wadanda ba su gama samun lasisin su ba,
180
00:09:47,595 --> 00:09:50,056
Girman hippocampus
bai canza sosai ba.
181
00:09:50,223 --> 00:09:54,519
Amma waɗanda suka wuce, abin sha'awa,
su hippocampi a zahiri girma.
182
00:09:57,021 --> 00:09:59,982
A ƙarshe, ana iya ƙarfafa abubuwan tunawa
ta labari.
183
00:10:01,025 --> 00:10:03,653
<> Kwakwalwarmu ta fi kula sosai
zuwa bayani
184
00:10:03,736 --> 00:10:05,571
lokacin da yake cikin sigar labari.
185
00:10:06,948 --> 00:10:11,369
<> A cikin bincike ɗaya, an tambayi mutane 24
don haddace jeri 12 na kalmomi goma.
186
00:10:11,953 --> 00:10:14,163
Rabin mutane
yayi nazari kuma ya sake karanta lissafin,
187
00:10:14,247 --> 00:10:17,667
<> kuma suka tuna, a matsakaici.
13% na kalmomin.
188
00:10:18,042 --> 00:10:22,046
Sauran rabin saƙa kalmomin
cikin labaran da suka kirkiro,
189
00:10:22,171 --> 00:10:24,924
kuma sun tuna 93%.
190
00:10:25,007 --> 00:10:28,886
Yawan abin da za ku iya haɗawa
abubuwan da kuke son tunawa
191
00:10:29,137 --> 00:10:31,639
tare da tsarin da kuke da shi
a ranka,
192
00:10:31,764 --> 00:10:33,364
mafi saukin abin da za a tuna.
193
00:10:33,391 --> 00:10:35,226
Ka sani, kuna ƙirƙirar labari.
194
00:10:35,309 --> 00:10:37,520
Lokacin da muka je don dawo da wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,
195
00:10:37,603 --> 00:10:41,482
muna da kusan hanyoyi da yawa
na shiga cikin wannan memory.
196
00:10:42,191 --> 00:10:44,610
Labari, wuri, da motsin rai
su ne tushe
197
00:10:44,694 --> 00:10:46,571
na wasu mafi ƙarfin tunanin mu.
198
00:10:46,821 --> 00:10:49,824
Kuma waɗannan sifofi iri ɗaya ana iya sace su
in taimake ka, ka ce,
199
00:10:49,907 --> 00:10:52,452
haddace lambobi 500 bazuwar.
200
00:10:52,535 --> 00:10:53,786
Ee, bari mu yi.
201
00:10:54,162 --> 00:10:56,042
Farawa da lambobi uku na farko,
202
00:10:56,122 --> 00:10:59,500
ta canza lambobi zuwa sauti
ta amfani da lambar sirrinta.
203
00:10:59,917 --> 00:11:01,836
Don haka 5 shine "s,"
204
00:11:02,044 --> 00:11:07,383
3 shine "a," kuma 9 shine "g," 'dalilin ...
kawai saboda siffofi.
205
00:11:07,467 --> 00:11:09,635
Don haka sai ya kasance kamar
kana karanta wani abu
206
00:11:09,719 --> 00:11:11,762
maimakon duba duk wadannan lambobin.
207
00:11:11,846 --> 00:11:14,515
Don haka 539 shine SAG.
208
00:11:14,891 --> 00:11:18,060
Sai uku na gaba, 166,
ya zama TBB.
209
00:11:18,394 --> 00:11:21,772
Kuma ina tunani
Gabas ta tsakiya tasa tabbouleh.
210
00:11:21,856 --> 00:11:25,443
<> Ta haɗa kalmomin biyu
don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai ban mamaki.
211
00:11:25,526 --> 00:11:29,780
Wannan saggy, rabin-tsirara
an rufe shi a cikin, kamar, shinkafa tabbouleh,
212
00:11:29,864 --> 00:11:32,366
kuma saboda abin banƙyama ne,
Ina ƙara tunawa.
213
00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:35,244
Duk abin da yake da, kamar, visceral
ko, kamar, abubuwa masu taurin kai,
214
00:11:35,328 --> 00:11:36,454
kwakwalwarka kamar, ugh.
215
00:11:36,537 --> 00:11:38,891
Ta fassara
sauran lambobi haka.
216
00:11:38,915 --> 00:11:42,418
Gimli daga Ubangijin Zobba,
yana neman takara.
217
00:11:42,919 --> 00:11:45,296
Rami Malek yana siyan takalma.
218
00:11:45,421 --> 00:11:47,423
Zuciyata ta juya zuwa Lourve.
219
00:11:47,924 --> 00:11:50,384
Na gaba, Yanjaa yana amfani da ikon wuri
220
00:11:50,468 --> 00:11:53,679
<> da wata tsohuwar fasaha da ake kira
"The memory Palace."
221
00:11:54,263 --> 00:11:57,475
Tana tunanin ta bi ta
unguwar da ta sani sosai,
222
00:11:57,558 --> 00:11:59,560
ƙara hotuna na gaskiya a kan hanya.
223
00:11:59,644 --> 00:12:01,312
Yana taimakawa wajen sanyawa ...
224
00:12:01,812 --> 00:12:04,524
sosai bazuwar m abubuwa a cikin tsari
225
00:12:04,607 --> 00:12:06,418
lokacin da kuka haɗa shi da wani abu
kun riga kun sani.
226
00:12:06,442 --> 00:12:08,986
Don haka na fito daga babban titin metro.
227
00:12:09,237 --> 00:12:12,073
Don haka mai saggy-fatar jiki
228
00:12:12,490 --> 00:12:14,283
kawai an rufe shi a cikin tabbouleh.
229
00:12:14,742 --> 00:12:16,536
Sai kuma gaba kadan...
230
00:12:16,619 --> 00:12:20,039
A cikin wannan rami, 478, wannan rafi ne,
231
00:12:20,122 --> 00:12:22,124
da 468, wato ravioli,
232
00:12:22,208 --> 00:12:26,587
don haka rami ne wanda yanzu ya zama reef
kuma cike da ravioli.
233
00:12:26,671 --> 00:12:31,050
Na carousel,
za mu sami babban alpaca llama
234
00:12:31,259 --> 00:12:35,346
kuma yana, kamar, cin wannan bututu
na, kamar, cuku mai narkewa.
235
00:12:35,638 --> 00:12:39,183
Wannan jerin lambobi maras ban sha'awa
ya zama almara tarihin tafiya
236
00:12:39,267 --> 00:12:41,978
<> cike da hotuna masu ban mamaki
cewa za ta iya sake dubawa daga baya.
237
00:12:42,395 --> 00:12:45,773
'Yan wasan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba lallai ba ne
mafi wayo fiye da mutanen yau da kullun
238
00:12:45,856 --> 00:12:47,567
<> kuma ba su da girman kwakwalwa.
239
00:12:47,650 --> 00:12:50,111
Amma suna canza haɗin gwiwa
a cikin kwakwalwarsu
240
00:12:50,194 --> 00:12:52,613
<> ta hanyar horo da dabaru
kamar gidan tarihi.
241
00:12:52,822 --> 00:12:54,073
Mun fi...
242
00:12:54,824 --> 00:12:58,160
waya don tunawa da hakan
fiye da tuna bazuwar saitin lambobi.
243
00:12:58,578 --> 00:13:01,497
Gabaɗaya, muna kamar motsin rai
da masu koyon gani.
244
00:13:01,872 --> 00:13:03,332
Da masu ba da labari.
245
00:13:04,375 --> 00:13:09,213
<> Mutane goma sha biyu ne kawai ke da su a duniya
ya haddace fiye da lambobi 20,000 na Pi.
246
00:13:10,172 --> 00:13:12,633
<> Amma mutane da yawa da yawa
sun buga Hamlet
247
00:13:12,717 --> 00:13:14,552
kuma ya haddace dukkan layukansa...
248
00:13:14,635 --> 00:13:16,304
Kalmomi, kalmomi, kalmomi.
249
00:13:16,387 --> 00:13:18,931
...waɗanda ke ɗauke da haruffa kusan 50,000.
250
00:13:19,056 --> 00:13:20,725
Tuna da ku!
251
00:13:21,726 --> 00:13:26,731
Ay, ku matalauta fatalwa, yayin da memory
yana riƙe da wurin zama a cikin wannan duniyar da ta shagala.
252
00:13:26,814 --> 00:13:28,414
Amma wannan ba cikakken labarin ba ne.
253
00:13:29,317 --> 00:13:31,986
<> Wasu abubuwa iri ɗaya ne
wanda ke ƙarfafa tunaninmu
254
00:13:32,236 --> 00:13:33,487
kuma na iya wargaza su.
255
00:13:33,904 --> 00:13:35,698
Kuma yawanci tare da tunanin tunani,
256
00:13:35,781 --> 00:13:38,451
mukan tuna da sassan tsakiya.
257
00:13:38,576 --> 00:13:43,289
Don haka, nau'in hankalinmu yana zuƙowa
a kan tushen wannan kwarewa,
258
00:13:43,372 --> 00:13:45,916
don haka mu manta
wasu daga cikin bayanan sirri,
259
00:13:46,167 --> 00:13:50,421
kamar, ka sani, watakila abin da ya aikata
sanye yake, amma za mu tuna da bindigar.
260
00:13:50,504 --> 00:13:55,009
Tunawa da 9/11 na tunanin su ne
kamar yadda ba daidai ba kamar tunanin yau da kullun.
261
00:13:55,217 --> 00:13:57,386
Dukkansu suna tabarbarewa a daidai gwargwado.
262
00:13:57,845 --> 00:14:01,015
Abin da ya bambanta shi ne
mutane sun kasance masu ƙarfin gwiwa sosai
263
00:14:01,098 --> 00:14:02,975
tunaninsu na 9/11 daidai ne.
264
00:14:04,393 --> 00:14:07,396
Memories ba manyan rikodi na aminci ba ne
da muke ajiyewa.
265
00:14:08,189 --> 00:14:10,691
Sun fi kamar wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye,
266
00:14:10,816 --> 00:14:14,862
<> an ƙirƙira shi da shigarwa daga sassa daban-daban
na kwakwalwa a halin yanzu.
267
00:14:15,655 --> 00:14:19,492
Ba za mu iya tuna kowane guda daki-daki
na kowane kwarewa.
268
00:14:19,867 --> 00:14:22,370
Don haka muna amfani da ilimin da ya riga ya kasance,
269
00:14:22,453 --> 00:14:25,831
kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ma'ana
ko hujjojin da muke da su...
270
00:14:25,956 --> 00:14:28,334
Ko kuma son zuciya da akidarmu da suka kasance a baya.
271
00:14:28,501 --> 00:14:30,378
...don cike wadancan gibin.
272
00:14:30,753 --> 00:14:34,298
Wannan zai iya bayyana kurakuran
a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Melanie na 9/11.
273
00:14:34,674 --> 00:14:37,343
Mahaifiyata ta yi aiki a birnin New York
girma duk rayuwata,
274
00:14:37,426 --> 00:14:39,136
don haka tabbas tana cikin gari.
275
00:14:39,220 --> 00:14:43,349
Kuma bayan 9/11, watakila Melanie
ya ga hayaki yana tashi a talabijin,
276
00:14:43,432 --> 00:14:45,309
da haka ya shiga memory dinta
277
00:14:45,393 --> 00:14:48,562
Don haka gaskiyar da aka gina
mu episodic memory
278
00:14:48,646 --> 00:14:50,773
don haka mu sake raba su tare
279
00:14:50,898 --> 00:14:54,568
yana nufin cewa mu episodic tunanin
a zahiri suna sassauƙa sosai.
280
00:14:54,652 --> 00:14:57,613
Masana kimiyya sun iya
don amfani da wannan sassaucin
281
00:14:57,697 --> 00:15:00,783
<> don dasa tunanin ƙuruciya na ƙarya
na kasancewa a kantin sayar da kayayyaki,
282
00:15:01,742 --> 00:15:03,119
ɗaukar hawan balloon iska mai zafi,
283
00:15:03,536 --> 00:15:05,746
har da shan shayi tare da Yarima Charles.
284
00:15:06,205 --> 00:15:09,083
<> A cikin binciken daya, matasa manya
an nemi a yi ƙoƙarin tunawa
285
00:15:09,166 --> 00:15:11,627
<> laifin da ake zaton sun aikata
a cikin kuruciyarsu,
286
00:15:11,877 --> 00:15:14,213
<> ko da yake waɗannan laifuka
sun kasance gaba daya karya ne,
287
00:15:14,422 --> 00:15:15,715
masu bincike sun yi.
288
00:15:15,798 --> 00:15:18,426
Bayan hirarraki biyu
cike da manyan tambayoyi,
289
00:15:18,843 --> 00:15:22,680
70% na batutuwan da aka karɓa
cewa sun aikata laifukan
290
00:15:22,763 --> 00:15:25,433
<> kuma da yawa sun zo da su
mawadaci, cikakkun bayanai
291
00:15:25,516 --> 00:15:27,276
wadanda ke gaba daya karya ne.
292
00:15:27,768 --> 00:15:29,395
Daya daga cikin wuraren da wannan ke taka rawa
293
00:15:29,478 --> 00:15:32,815
Abin takaici shine abubuwa kamar,
um, shaidar gani da ido.
294
00:15:32,898 --> 00:15:35,858
Suka ce za su tafi da ku
a cikin daki, za mu sami maza bakwai,
295
00:15:35,943 --> 00:15:38,320
kuma idan na ga wanda ake tuhuma,
296
00:15:38,404 --> 00:15:40,740
Na rubuta lambarsa
a kan takarda
297
00:15:40,823 --> 00:15:42,533
sannan a mika shi ga jami’in tsaro.
298
00:15:42,616 --> 00:15:44,994
<> Fiye da shekaru ashirin
bayan an yi mata fyade
299
00:15:45,286 --> 00:15:48,456
Jennifer Thompson ya bayyana a talabijin
tare da mutumin da ta gane
300
00:15:48,539 --> 00:15:49,707
a matsayinta na maharin.
301
00:15:49,790 --> 00:15:52,001
Bayan na dauka
Hoton Ronald Cotton,
302
00:15:52,334 --> 00:15:54,712
a lokacin ne suka ce da ni.
"Mun zaci shi ne."
303
00:15:54,795 --> 00:15:57,465
Za mu iya ƙarfafa amincewa
a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙarya
304
00:15:57,548 --> 00:16:00,885
ta hanyar tabbatar da shi ko ta hanyar
aƙalla maimaita shi sau da yawa.
305
00:16:00,968 --> 00:16:05,765
A yanzu, hoton Ronald yana da
gaba daya gurbace, don haka
306
00:16:06,015 --> 00:16:08,350
asalin abin tunawa na wannan dare,
da haka...
307
00:16:08,809 --> 00:16:11,353
fuskar wanda ya yi min fyade
ya zama Ronald Cotton,
308
00:16:11,729 --> 00:16:15,941
sosai ganin haka
ainihin wanda ya aikata hakan a nan...
309
00:16:17,568 --> 00:16:19,528
Bani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ɗaya.
310
00:16:19,612 --> 00:16:21,697
Shekaru bayan an daure Ronald,
311
00:16:21,781 --> 00:16:25,451
Shaidar DNA ta tabbatar da cewa Jennifer
wani mutum ne ya yi masa fyade.
312
00:16:25,534 --> 00:16:29,663
A Amurka, DNA ya taimaka ya juye
daruruwan hukunci,
313
00:16:29,747 --> 00:16:32,833
da kuma 70% na wadanda abin ya shafa
shaidar gani da ido.
314
00:16:34,668 --> 00:16:38,422
Ba kawai tunaninmu na laifuka ba ne
wanda zai iya zama gurɓata.
315
00:16:38,506 --> 00:16:42,343
Tunawa ne ke gaya mana ko wanene mu
da kuma inda muka fito.
316
00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:45,012
An yi hira da masu bincike
gungun matasa masu shekaru 14,
317
00:16:45,095 --> 00:16:48,849
<> sannan, bayan shekaru da yawa, ya tambaye su
don tunawa da shekarun samartaka.
318
00:16:48,933 --> 00:16:51,143
Me alakar su da iyayensu
ya kasance kamar,
319
00:16:51,227 --> 00:16:53,145
yadda suka ji game da jima'i
da addini,
320
00:16:53,229 --> 00:16:54,897
waɗanne ayyukan da suka ji daɗi.
321
00:16:55,064 --> 00:16:58,108
Tunanin su, ya zama,
sun kasance matalauta iri ɗaya.
322
00:16:58,234 --> 00:17:01,028
Ga mafi yawan abubuwan tunawa, bai fi dama ba.
323
00:17:01,487 --> 00:17:04,824
Don haka wannan ya haifar da tambaya:
Me yasa za mu sami tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
324
00:17:04,949 --> 00:17:11,163
wannan ba abin dogaro ba ne kuma mai saurin kuskure
idan an yi shi ne don tunawa da abin da ya gabata?
325
00:17:11,497 --> 00:17:12,897
Wannan ita ce babbar tambaya.
326
00:17:13,207 --> 00:17:16,293
Kuma sake, waɗannan rikodin
na Henry Molaison
327
00:17:16,377 --> 00:17:17,962
nuna amsa mai yiwuwa.
328
00:17:18,337 --> 00:17:20,172
Me kuke tunanin za ku yi gobe?
329
00:17:21,090 --> 00:17:22,675
Duk abin da ke da amfani.
330
00:17:23,467 --> 00:17:25,947
Henry ya sha gwagwarmaya
don amsa tambayoyi kamar haka.
331
00:17:26,178 --> 00:17:28,889
<> Ya zama kamar ga masana kimiyya
cewa ba kawai ya rasa abin da ya gabata ba,
332
00:17:29,306 --> 00:17:31,100
ba zai iya tunanin gaba ba.
333
00:17:32,685 --> 00:17:34,562
Shekaru uku bayan tiyatar Henry,
334
00:17:35,020 --> 00:17:37,857
wani majinyaci na tsaka-tsaki na ɗan lokaci
ya lalace sosai
335
00:17:37,940 --> 00:17:39,191
a cikin hatsarin babur.
336
00:17:39,275 --> 00:17:42,778
A cikin wannan hira daga 1988,
Likitan ya tambayi mara lafiyar...
337
00:17:42,862 --> 00:17:45,239
Kuna jin bege game da nan gaba?
338
00:17:49,952 --> 00:17:52,288
Ina tsamani haka ne. Ba na tunani sosai
game da nan gaba.
339
00:17:52,371 --> 00:17:54,411
Ba ku da tunani sosai game da gaba?
340
00:17:55,416 --> 00:17:58,168
<> Mai haƙuri ɗaya
da zarar an kwatanta tunanin nan gaba
341
00:17:58,252 --> 00:18:01,422
<> kamar yadda ake neman kujera
a cikin daki mara komai.
342
00:18:02,298 --> 00:18:05,801
Gama da abin da ya gabata ya zama kamar
ko ta yaya aka haɗa a cikin hankali.
343
00:18:06,427 --> 00:18:09,346
Mun yanke shawarar sanya mutane a cikin na'urar daukar hotan takardu
344
00:18:09,430 --> 00:18:11,974
kuma a sa su tuna abubuwan da suka faru a baya
345
00:18:12,057 --> 00:18:13,809
kuma kuyi tunanin abubuwan da zasu faru a nan gaba.
346
00:18:13,893 --> 00:18:14,893
Kuma...
347
00:18:15,352 --> 00:18:17,396
da gaske ba mu san abin da za mu yi tsammani ba.
348
00:18:17,479 --> 00:18:21,734
<> Lokacin da mutane suka tuna,
wata hanyar sadarwa ta haskaka, kuma ...
349
00:18:21,942 --> 00:18:26,363
Wannan hanyar sadarwa ta kasance,
kyakkyawa da yawa iri ɗaya
350
00:18:26,447 --> 00:18:29,825
lokacin da mutane suka yi tunanin
abubuwan da suka faru a nan gaba.
351
00:18:30,284 --> 00:18:33,662
Idan ka bar hankalinka ya tashi,
kuna juyawa ko da yaushe,
352
00:18:33,787 --> 00:18:35,372
tunani da tunani.
353
00:18:35,915 --> 00:18:38,250
Hankalin ku shine na'urar lokaci.
354
00:18:40,294 --> 00:18:42,296
A cikin Lewis Carroll's
Ta Gilashin Kallon,
355
00:18:42,379 --> 00:18:43,756
Sarauniyar Zuciya ta furta,
356
00:18:43,839 --> 00:18:46,342
"Yana da ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
wanda kawai ke aiki a baya."
357
00:18:46,926 --> 00:18:48,677
Ya zama... ta yi gaskiya.
358
00:18:50,137 --> 00:18:54,892
<> Injin iri ɗaya wanda ke kawo duk waɗannan
guda tare don raya abin da ya gabata
359
00:18:55,017 --> 00:18:57,603
<> na iya haɗa wasu daga cikin waɗancan guda
da sauran guda
360
00:18:57,686 --> 00:19:00,439
don kwaikwayi yiwuwar makomar gaba.
361
00:19:00,522 --> 00:19:04,652
Yanzu, sassaucin da ke jagorantar mu
don tunawa da abubuwan da ba su taɓa faruwa ba,
362
00:19:04,944 --> 00:19:07,321
wanda ke lalata tsarin adalci,
363
00:19:07,404 --> 00:19:09,698
wanda ke lalata mafi kyawun tunaninmu,
364
00:19:09,782 --> 00:19:11,867
ya fara kama da babban mai ƙarfi,
365
00:19:12,201 --> 00:19:14,870
mabudin nasarar mu a matsayin jinsin.
366
00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:18,415
Yana ba mu damar magance matsala
abubuwan da ke zuwa,
367
00:19:18,499 --> 00:19:21,502
don yin tunani ta hanyoyin da
abubuwan zasu iya faruwa,
368
00:19:21,585 --> 00:19:23,545
matsalolin da ka iya tasowa
369
00:19:23,629 --> 00:19:26,048
da hanyoyin da suke bi
za mu iya magance waɗannan matsalolin.
370
00:19:26,632 --> 00:19:30,177
<> kuma wasu masana kimiyya sun ce
injin simulation tsakanin kunnuwanku
371
00:19:30,260 --> 00:19:32,262
yana yin wani abu har ma mafi zurfi:
372
00:19:32,554 --> 00:19:36,433
<> Yana haɗa abubuwan da suka faru a baya
da mafarkai na gaba
373
00:19:36,517 --> 00:19:38,394
don ƙirƙirar hankalin ku.